| - S & T Programmes - |
|
NATIONAL BASIC RESEARCH PRIORITIES PROGRAMME |
| 1. BACIGROUND |
| With the development of science
and technology, the significant promoting function and strategic impacts
of basic research on the national economic and social development
have arouse great attention form all the countries in the world. As
a developing country, China should pay more attention to key research
fields and concentrating her resources to important projects so as
to better use the limited funds. Therefore, the government of China
has set up the Climbing Programme to include the key projects in basic
research that are relatively mature in research conditions, concerned
with the overall situation of and play a promoting function to the
national development and scientific and technological advancement,
and the programme is implemented as a mission orientated programme
of the state. The implementation of the Climbing Programme started
in 1991 and 45 projects have been included in the programme in succession,
involving 30 basic resarch projects (Climbing A) and 15 application
basic research projects (Climbing B). The Climbing Programme is funded
by the state appropriation and each project in the Eighth Five year
Plan period received 1million yuan annually. |
| II BASIC NATURE AND PURPOSES |
| The Climbing Programme is organized and implemented as a programme of key projects for the basic research of the country, aimed at the subjects that are concerned with the overall situation of and play a promoting function to the scientific and technological, economic and social development of the country, With this programme the state selects the projects with important scientific value or application prospects, organizes research teams. Small in number but highly capable, for basic research and rpovides them with relatively high investment intensity and sustained, stable support so as to concetrate resources and make break through progress in some fields while supporting abasic research through the approaches of scientific foundation, etc .. The implementation of the Climbing Programme is of great significance to promoting the national development and the scientific and technological advancement and realizing the state objectives in basic research. |
| III. GUIDING PRINCIPLES |
| In the field of environmental lprotection, the focrs is on clean production with water pollution control and smoke desulphurization; in the field of medicine and public health , the focus is on the study and development of a batch of new medicines conforming to the international stadards; in the field of resource utlizaton, support for ascertainig the resrves of rare and scarce mineral resources; in the field of marine development, the focus is on the protection of the natioal rights and interests and the development of marine resources;in the field of hazards prevention , the focus is on short term climatic digital forecast and earthquake forecast ;in the field of social undertakings, the focus is on science and technology based industrial engineering for well off type residence and information technology based modern commercial and trade circulation; and in the field of regional development and research of soft science, the focus is on the pre period study of coordinated dvelopment of resources, environ ment and economy in the central and west China. |
| 2 Energetically Promote Technical
Innovation and Integrationof Sceence and Technology with Economy |
| Extend a large batch of scientific and technological achievements in the field of social development and form a large number of sicnece and technology guided industries, The implementation of this programme should greatly contribute to the promotion of the integrated should greatly contribute to the promotion of the integrated national power and create the necessary material basis for the promotion of quality of the people's livelihood and satisfaction of increasing material and cultural needs of the people |
| 3.Deepen institutional
Reform of Researcch Institutes Related with Social Development |
| Establish step by step a research team of small number of members but high quality ;establish a batch of researcch centres of enineering and technologies; and establish several bases of research and development and demonstrative projects. |
| 4.Continue to Develop a Batch of Comprehensive Experimental Zones for Science and Technology Guiding Social Development |
| The construction of comprehensive experimental zones for social development is an important instrument for promoting the implementation of the China Agenda 21, and the number of the zones will increase by about 60 in the Ninth Five-year Plan period so as to further promote the urban and rural sustainable development. |
| 5.Strengthen Basic
Research Work and the Fostering of Leading Scientists to Work into
the Next Century |
| In the field of basic research work, during the Ninth Five-year Plan period, it is important to well understand the conditions of China, establish resource data bases with modern information technologies and instruments for the fields of national land, mineral resources, seas and oceans, hazards, urbanization, etc. and realize data sharing; foster and select a batch of leading scientists to work into the next century and a batch of scientific and technological type entrepreneurs. |
| III. THE MAIN
CONTENTS |
| The guiding principles of the programme is to give high priority to studying the basic theory and technological basis of vital , key problems in the national economic and social development, closely aimed at the state objectives in basic research;considering the trend of scientific devlopment and based on the principle of "catching up with the advaced level in the world in selected fields", form the thinking of emphasizing quality of research achievements in basic research, stress the focal points and emphatically support innovative studies so as to contribute to the promotion of the level of basic research in China. |
| IV. OVERALL GOALS |
| 1. Organize outstading teams to probe
into new theories and methods, strive by every means to make contribution
to the development of scientific frontiers and work out a batch of
high level achievements, aimed at the vital problems in the national
economic and social development in China in the early period of next
century . 2. View from the angle of long term development and pay attention to the combination with the overall work of construction of research bases. Select the national laboratories, sectoral open laboratories and outstanding scientific engineering projects of high research level and highly qualified research teams to assume the projects of the Climbing Programme, and pay attention to giving full play to the their mainstay function in basic research. 3. Promote the adjustment of disciplines and the development of cross disciplines. Carry out comprehensive studies of multiple disciplines around the problems of the projects of the Climbing Programme. Promote the structural adjustment of basic sciences in China by use of the mutual overlapping and penetration function of different disciplines in Climbing programme. |
| V. THE MAIN CONTENTS |
| The priority fields of development in
the Ninth Five year Plan period include the life science, information
science, materials science .energy science and enviromental science.
At the same time, attention will also be paid to supporting and strengthening
the research on important theories in the field of basic sciences
and on the frontier of science. Research on mathematics will be strengthened.
Therfore, about 60 vital, key projects of basic research with great
scientific significance and important application prospects with be
continued during the Ninth Five year Plan period, each with an annual
investment of about 2 million yuan on the average. |
| A project of Climbing A should at least conform to one of the foloowing conditions: |
| 1. Belong to the frontier research of
the field, have a good basis of work and be expected to make important
breakthroughs in the next five to ten years; 2. Belong to the basic research that can give play to the geographical and resource advantages and the characteristics of research work of China and be expected to gain important research achievements with the Chinese characteristics; 3. Belong to the basic research that has already gained superiority and belongs to the advanced level in the world, and be expected to continue to gain important progress. |
| A project of Climbing B should at least conform to one of the following conditions; |
| 1. Have important prospect of application,
be urgently needed by the economic development of China, belong to
an area of active research activties in the world and be expected
to bring about excellent achievements within this century; 2. Be of great significance for the development of the engineering and technology science itself and favourable for engineering and technology to develop to a higher level; 3. Be of great significance for the development of new fields of engineering and technology; 4. Be favourable to promoting the technical advacement of the main imdusties or giving full play to the advatages of natural resources in China, and be expected to bring about great economic and social benefits. |
| VI. SELECTION OF PROJECTS |
| The Climbing Programme sticks
to the principle of providing support on selective basis. The Ministry
of Science and Technology is in charge of the selection and works
jointly with the Ministry of Education, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
the National Natural Science Foundation of China and related departments.
The principles of selection are : |
| 1. To carefully select select projects
in the priority fields of development according to the conditions
for project institution, and stick to the priciple of selecting the
best and the needed; 2. To make selection according to the goal and objectives of the state and emphasize innovation; 3. To encourage extensive cooperation, including that covering different disciplines and departments; 4. To recruit leading experts of high academic level and organizational ability and corresponding research teams, particularly middle and young aged leading experts and research teams with youths as the mainstay force ; 5. To pay attention to selecting high level research teams as the implementing agencies of projects of the programme, such as research institutes with outstanding research achievements, national key open laboratories, important scientific engineering projects, scientific centres, ect.. |
| VII ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT |
| The Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible for organization of Education, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China ,etc. With orgaization routine management of projects, An expert committee is installed for a project to take charge of academic activities, and the chief scientist responsibility system is implemented. |
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